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Forgiveness and Retribution: Responding to Wrongdoing, by Margaret R. Holmgren
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Forgiveness and Retribution: Responding to Wrongdoing argues that ultimately, forgiveness is always the appropriate response to wrongdoing. In recent decades, many philosophers have claimed that unless certain conditions are met, we should resent those who have wronged us personally and that criminal offenders deserve to be punished. Conversely, Margaret Holmgren posits that we should forgive those who have ill-treated us, but only after working through a process of addressing the wrong. Holmgren then reflects on the kinds of laws and social practices a properly forgiving society would adopt.
- Sales Rank: #3727254 in Books
- Published on: 2014-02-20
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x .63" w x 5.98" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 310 pages
Review
"Margaret Holmgren's book is a daring attempt to defend a new paradigm of forgiveness that would radically reorient our attitudes toward those who wrong us and our way of thinking about punishment and criminal law. No doubt the discussion it provokes will be intense."
George W. Harris, author of Reason's Grief: An Essay on Tragedy and Value
"Moral, political, and legal philosophers who prize theoretical unity and comprehensiveness will appreciate Margaret Holmgren's new book, which begins with a foundational virtue ethic and from it systematically derives conclusions about how individuals and institutions should respond to wrongdoers. Holmgren's work is probably the most thoughtful and thorough defense of an unconditional forgiveness approach to wrongdoers, one that critically responds to work by contemporary retributivists and that should give them pause. Of particular interest is the fact that Holmgren argues that principles such as respect for offenders and for victims, to which retributivists standardly appeal, are best interpreted in ways that support anti-retributivist conclusions, such as the restitutional approach to punishment for which Holmgren is rightly well-known."
Thaddeus Metz, University of Johannesburg
"Margaret Holmgren has written a very stimulating book on forgiveness...An additional virtue of her book is a discussion of forgiveness in the context of criminal punishment - a discussion in which she makes creative suggestions concerning the social and legal institutions that a truly forgiving society would adopt. I recommend that all those interested in a serious discussion of forgiveness read this book and ponder its many insights."
Jeffrie G. Murphy, Arizona State University, author of the book Getting Even: Forgiveness and Its Limits
"... This is a fine book defending a difficult thesis - that unconditional forgiveness of a wrongdoer is always appropriate, once the offended party has done a considerable bit of self-examination (which Holmgren explains in detail) ... general readers will benefit from hearing what she has to say. Included are an ample bibliography and index ... Recommended ..."
R. T. Lee, Choice
"... Intended for a philosophical audience, her book lucidly lays out the arguments for her position and critically addresses the connections between her own work and the scholarly literature ... her arguments are so clearly presented, with such a pleasing style, that her work should be accessible to a general, but well read, audience ..."
Kathleen Poorman Dougherty, Metapsychology Online Reviews
"... forces us to think harder about predominantly retributivist and all-too-settled models of response to harm ... It is a book for exercising one's arguments, a service to philosophy."
Philosophy in Review
About the Author
Margaret Holmgren is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Iowa State University. She co-edited Ethical Theory: A Concise Anthology (2000) with Heimir Giersson.
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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Philosophical Treatment of a Critically Important Practice
By Thomas E. Sandidge
Holmgren seeks to justify and evolve a practice of forgiveness for wrongdoing. She emphasizes both forgiveness of self and others. Of course, she includes conditions or prerequisites for such forgiveness. This work is well documented and quite scholarly. Her development (moving from the individual to the institutional perspective) has a distinctly Rawlsian flavor and is underlain by a virtue-ethics stance. Although the book is well thought out, it is an initial foray; so one should read it as such.
A naive yet intelligent reader will find the book accessible, but it does tend to wend its way through her argument for forgiveness. Occasionally I lost the thread of the argument because the author wasn't able to keep me focused. More seriously, although I absolutely agree with her core thesis, I feel her argument is rather narrow and will leave those who believe in the singular efficacy of punishment without motivation to reexamine their stance. I also thought that the most powerful context in which her paradigm of forgiveness fits (restorative justice), was treated almost as an afterthought.
My perspective is based on eight years of experience as volunteer at a nearby prison where I have facilitated monthly Alternatives to Violence Project workshops and teach weekly Impact of Crime on Victims classes. I have come to feel that forgiveness (of self and others) is a critical component in rehabilitation. It seems that an offender cannot truly address what s/he has done and the drivers behind that action until they introspect and work from the very best part of themselves. This seems the only way to break through the dehumanization of their victims, reach full accountability, and threafter achieve a full rehabilitation of self. My goal has become to "reach" those offenders who have not yet begun serious introspection. However, this "breakthrough" is a very vulnerable point and easily results in a retrenchment which is even more difficult to break out of, so experience and more research is certainly called for. My general position is that, although we have all been damaged in some way, these individuals have generally been damaged so severely that their moral selves are distorted and too weak to resist the internal and external drivers of their behavior. We seem to feel no compunction at developing children to become moral beings; I feel that offenders, by committing antisocial acts, demonstrate that they are likewise in need of our assistance in becoming moral beings. I feel that self forgiveness -- quite along the line delineated by Holmgren -- is a central factor in regaining the strength of character needed for these individuals to rejoin society in a healthy way.
Holmgren, however, seems to feel that such intervention violates offenders by objectifying them. She also pushes her argument along the lines of forgiveness versus punishment (resentment, just desert, etc). I think this is what makes her argument too narrow. I think it also leads her to be too accommodating with regard to punishment. It's not that I believe punishment is wrong; simply that her argument opens the door for extreme distortion (extended and more severe punishment just because the crime rate increases; seems to me closer to abuse than discipline). I also believe that this aspect of her argument minimizes the responsibility of society to discipline deviant individuals but instead focuses too heavily on a regrettable need for punishment (although done with "respect, compassion, and real goodwill"!). I therefore believe that her argument would better be pursued in the context of the full range of discipline (setting the example, reward, redirection, enrichment, punishment not abuse).
Holmgren appears to have a rather simplistic model of "second order harm" stemming from commission of a crime. The ripple effect of a single act extends far beyond the anemic description she presents. The ripple effect is normally so extensive that an offender cannot possibly make restitution; at best they can only reform and attempt to "balance" their past with the ripple effect of socially admirable deeds. This perspective would, I think, motivate the responsibility of society to "sacrifice" in order to develop individuals rather than pursue the cheaper solution of simply locking them out of sight and out of mind until some arbitrary release date, at which time they are theoretically cured by years of emotional suffering and physical deprivation. Holmgren seems forced to disagree with application of discipline but condone punishment by the way she has chosen to defend her thesis. So I sense significant tension between her true "emotional" position and her "logical" position with respect to punishment. This is why I consider this work, although magnificent as far as it goes, to be an initial foray.
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